被动语态（被动语态的构成）

近三年济宁中考语法填空题对被动语态进行了考察，主要考一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。解答这个题型，分为三步:

一.判断是否考察被动语态

1.根据被动语态的结构来判断，若动作的承受者(动作的对象，多是名词或代词)在空前，实施者在空后(有时省略)，则用被动语态

2.根据主语和谓语的逻辑关系来判断，若主语和谓语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则用被动语态

二.根据时间状语和已经发生的动作的时态来确定正确的时态

三.根据被动语态的结构，写出动词的正确形式

1.被动语态的构成

(1)一般现在时

结构am/is/are done

The toy is made in China.

(2)一般过去时

结构was /were done

The windows were broken yesterday.

(3)一般将来时

结构will/shall/be going to be done

The work will be finished soon.

(4)含有情态动词

结构情态动词+be done

The river shouldn’t be polluted.

2.主动语态变被动语态的方法:

宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。

主动语态：

We produced a machine.

we是主语，produced是谓语，a machine是宾语。

被动语态:

A machine was produced by us.

常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况：

主动语态中有些感官动词如hear,see,watch,nitice等和使役动词如make和let等，后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to 还原。

如hear/see sb do →sb be heard/seen to do sth

make sb do sth →sb be made to do sth

3.使用被动语态的情况

(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁

Rice is grown in the south of China.

(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者Smoking isn’t allowed in the hospital.

(3)强调动作的承受者

Your homework must be finished today.

(4)主语是物

Many houses were washed away by the flood.

4.主动结构表被动意义的情况

(1)write,open,read,sell,clean,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，当它们的主语为物时，主动结构表被动意义

The pen writes very smoothy.

(2)look,sound,taste,smell等感官动词用主动结构表被动意义

The soup tastes delicious.

(3)be worth doing 主动形式表被动意义

The book is worth reading

(4)need/require doing 相当于need/require to be done

The flowers need watering＝The flowers need to be watered.